During our visit to the Temple of Aphaia on the island of Aegina, we discovered one of the ancient architectural wonders of Greece. Perched on top of a hill, this iconic temple, dedicated to the goddess Athena, offers breathtaking views and a profound connection to ancient history. Built around 480 BC, the temple is remarkably well-preserved, with 25 of its original 32 Doric columns still standing due to the skillful work of restorers.
The temple is part of a larger Sanctuary complex located about 13 km east of Aegina’s main port. This temple was built over the ruins of an earlier temple from around 570 BC, which was destroyed by fire in 510 BC. The remains of this earlier structure were used to create a larger flat terrace, leading to the well-preserved condition of the older temple’s ruins.
One of the unique aspects of the Temple of Aphaia is its blend of architectural styles. While predominantly Doric, the influence of Ionic architecture is evident in the slender lines of the columns, giving a sense of lightness. The temple’s pediments depict scenes from battles fought by Aeginetan heroes during the first and second wars against Troy, with the goddess Athena in the center.
The sanctuary surrounding the temple includes many structures, not just the temple itself. A large altar with a paved pathway and a ramp leading to the temple is located to the east. The foundations of two buildings flanking the altar suggest they may have been used to house additional statues. The northern side features a cistern for collecting rainwater from the temple roof, and a 14-meter-high column with a sphinx on top, believed to have been built around 600 BC.
The temple’s architecture is rich with intricate details and vibrant colors. The columns are covered with a thin layer of stucco, which was originally painted in bright hues. The upper parts of the temple feature horizontal elements in red and vertical ones in black, with additional touches of cobalt blue to represent the sky. The metopes on the frieze may have contained carved wooden plaques or bronze reliefs.
The historical significance of the Temple of Aphaia is also tied to its connection with the goddess Aphaia, a mountain and hunting deity who protected shipping—a crucial aspect of Aegina’s maritime prosperity in the sixth and fifth centuries BC. Legend has it that Aphaia vanished after escaping sailors near the coast of Aegina, giving her name to the temple.
Overall, our visit to the Temple of Aphaia provided a fascinating glimpse into ancient Greek history and architecture. The temple’s stunning location, unique blend of styles, and detailed sculptures make it a must-see destination for anyone exploring Aegina. The sanctuary’s historical context and the temple’s remarkable preservation offer a profound appreciation of Greece’s ancient past. If you’re visiting Aegina, the Temple of Aphaia is an essential stop to experience the island’s rich heritage and architectural beauty.